The People's Republic of China successfully tested (see 2007 Chinese anti-satellite missile test) a ballistic missile-launched anti-satellite weapon on January 11, 2007. Launch of an interceptor derived from Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme for ASAT test on 27 March 2019 In 1985 a USAF pilot in an F-15 successfully shot down the P78-1, an American research satellite, in a 345-mile (555 km) orbit with a missile. It was nicknamed Star Wars after the popular science fiction franchise Star Wars. In 1984 the Strategic Defence Initiative (SDI) was proposed. None of these systems are known to be active today however, a less powerful civilian version of the ground-to-space laser system is commonly used in the astronomical technique of adaptive optics. While early efforts paralleled other space-to-space warfare concepts, the United States was able in the 1980s to develop ground-to-space laser anti-satellite weapons. īoth the Soviets and the United States developed anti-satellite weaponry designed to shoot down satellites. This may have been a confusion based on requirements 3A and 3B for the shuttle's design, which required the craft to be able to deploy or retrieve an object from a polar orbit in a single pass. This was considered too dangerous to do with a crew on board, however, so the test was conducted after the crew had returned to Earth.Ī 1976 Soviet report suggested that the design of the Space Shuttle had been guided by a requirement to deliver a payload- such as a bomb- over Russia and return to land after a single orbit.
Through the 1970s, the Soviet Union continued their project and test-fired a cannon to test space station defense. 1970s–1990s Ī USAF F-15 Eagle launching an ASM-135 ASAT (anti-satellite) missile in 1985 military produced a film called Space and National Security which depicted space warfare. The deleterious and unfocused effects of the EMP test led to the banning of nuclear weapons in space in the Outer Space Treaty of 1967. The result was a deactivation of many then-orbiting satellites, both American and Soviet. One early test of electronic space warfare, the so-called Starfish Prime test, took place in 1962, when the United States exploded a ground-launched nuclear weapon in space to test the effects of an electromagnetic pulse. Similar planning in the United States took the form of the Blue Gemini project, which consisted of modified Gemini capsules that would be able to deploy weapons and perform surveillance. The history of active space warfare development goes back to the 1960s when the Soviet Union began the Almaz project, a project designed to give them the ability to do on-orbit inspections of satellites and destroy them if needed. ( October 2011) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Įarly efforts to conduct space warfare were directed at space-to-space warfare, as ground-to-space systems were considered to be too slow and too isolated by Earth's atmosphere and gravity to be effective at the time. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. This section needs additional citations for verification. In April 2019, the Indian government established the Defence Space Agency, or DSA. In 2019 India conducted a test of the ASAT missile making it the fourth country with that capability. The Russian Space Force, established on August 10, 1992, which became an independent section of the Russian military on June 1, 2001, was replaced by the Russian Aerospace Defence Forces starting December 1, 2011, but was reestablished as a component of the Russian Aerospace Forces on August 1, 2015. International treaties are in place that attempt to regulate conflicts in space and limit the installation of space weapon systems, especially nuclear weapons.įrom 1985 to 2002 there was a United States Space Command, which in 2002 merged with the United States Strategic Command, leaving the United States Space Force (formerly Air Force Space Command until 2019) as the primary American military space force. Space warfare in fiction is thus sub-genre and theme of science fiction, where it is portrayed with a range of realism and plausibility.Īs of 2022, no actual warfare is known to have taken place in space, though a number of tests and demonstrations have been performed. The scope of space warfare therefore includes ground-to-space warfare, such as attacking satellites from the Earth space-to-space warfare, such as satellites attacking satellites and space-to-ground warfare, such as satellites attacking Earth-based targets. Space warfare is hypothetical combat in which one or more belligerents are situated in outer space.
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